Grammar
Reference

to be (copula)

topic marker

subject marker

direct object marker

direction, time, indirect object marker

location of action, means/method

possessive/modifier particle

question particle

polite present/future tense

polite past tense

polite negative present/future

polite negative past tense

please do ~

progressive form (doing), continuous state

want to do ~

may do ~, it's okay to do ~

must not do ~, not allowed to do ~

must do ~, have to do ~

don't have to do ~, don't need to do ~

can do ~, be able to do ~

if ~, when ~

if ~, when ~, after ~

whenever ~, if ~ (natural consequence)

while ~, during ~

after doing ~

in order to ~, for the purpose of ~

although ~, despite ~, even though ~

despite ~, in spite of ~

come to ~, become able to ~, reach the point where ~

make an effort to ~, try to ~, make sure to ~

decide to ~

it has been decided that ~, it turns out that ~

~ means that ~

it doesn't mean that ~, it's not that ~

only ~, nothing but ~, just ~

must be ~, no doubt that ~, undoubtedly

regarding ~, concerning ~, about ~

about ~, concerning ~

along with ~, as ~ (changes)

cannot help but ~, have no choice but to ~

~ might be one thing, but; leaving ~ aside

earnestly wish/hope, never stop ~ing

not being daunted by ~, in spite of ~

in order to ~, for the purpose of ~ (formal/literary)

cannot help but do ~, cannot leave without doing ~

~ and ~, etc.; things like ~

both ~ and ~

only ~, nothing but ~

how/what kind of/which

probably ~, I think ~

because ~, so ~

because ~, since ~

but ~, however ~

to say ~, called ~

I think that ~

do ~ in advance, do ~ for later

finish doing ~, end up doing ~, regrettably ~

try doing ~

do ~ and come back, ~ has been happening

do ~ and go, ~ continues into the future

easy to ~/hard to ~

too much ~, excessively ~

show signs of ~, act like ~

I heard that ~, it is said that ~

looks like ~, seems ~

-ish, -like, tend to be ~

seems like ~, I heard ~, typical of ~

thanks to ~, because of ~ (positive)

because of ~ (negative), due to ~ (fault)

should be ~, expected to ~

there's no way ~, it's impossible that ~

should ~/should not ~

might ~, maybe ~

just about to ~, just did ~, in the middle of ~

while ~, during ~, before ~

in ~, at ~, regarding ~ (formal)

towards ~, against ~, in contrast to ~

for ~, to ~, from ~'s perspective

by means of ~, depending on ~, due to ~

cannot ~, must not ~ (due to circumstances)

just because ~, only because ~

not necessarily ~, not always ~

from the fact that ~, because ~

based on ~, in accordance with ~

starting with ~, including ~, such as ~

with ~ as a trigger, taking the opportunity of ~

on the other hand ~, while ~

while ~ing, although ~

although ~, but ~

while you're at it, on the occasion of ~

nothing but ~, none other than ~

extremely ~, utterly ~

unique to ~, special to ~, only ~ can

with ~, by means of ~, as of ~ (formal)

on the occasion of ~, when ~

concerning ~, regarding ~, をめぐる dispute

in accordance with ~, based on ~

be forced to ~, be compelled to ~

cannot help but ~, cannot help ~ing

when it comes to ~, if it comes to ~

so much that ~, excessively

judging from ~, starting with ~

while doing ~, on the occasion of ~

while doing ~, and also to ~

once ~, if ever ~

won't you ~?, would you like to ~?

let's ~, shall we ~

it's okay to ~, may I ~?

must not ~, may not ~

must ~, have to ~

don't have to ~, it's okay not to ~

do things like ~ and ~

have done ~, have the experience of ~

end up ~ing, completely ~, unfortunately ~

~ has been done, ~ is in a state of having been done

do ~ in advance, do ~ for later

try to ~, make sure to ~

come to ~, become able to ~

looks like ~, seems ~

seems like ~, I heard ~, typical of ~

even if ~, even though ~

decide to ~

it has been decided that ~, it turns out that ~

come to ~, ~ and come back, start to ~

go on ~ing, continue to ~, ~ and go

by ~, due to ~, depending on ~

in order to ~, for the sake of ~, because of ~

that's why ~, it means that ~, no wonder ~

nothing but ~, only ~, just did ~

must be ~, no doubt ~

thanks to ~, because of ~ (positive)

because of ~ (negative), due to ~ (blame)

even though ~, despite ~ (criticism)

for ~, considering ~, although ~

even if ~, even as ~

because ~, from the fact that ~

after ~ing, upon ~, in terms of ~

if ~ were possible, if ~ could

ever since ~

until ~, up to and including ~

to be forced to ~, to have no choice but ~

about ~, at most ~, roughly ~

unless ~, without ~

will not ~, probably won't ~

in order to ~

in spite of ~, undaunted by ~

when it comes to ~, once one reaches ~

ended up not ~ing

whether ~ or not

worthy of ~, enough to ~

to come to ~, to reach the point of ~

to make sure to ~, to try to ~

to finish ~ing, to end up ~ing (regret)

only ~, nothing but ~

for the purpose of ~, in order to ~

because of ~, due to ~

to decide to ~

it has been decided that ~

I hope ~, it would be good if ~

to try to ~, to attempt to ~

while still ~, as is

about to ~, just ~, in the middle of ~

I heard that ~, they say that ~

it seems ~, apparently ~

should be ~, supposed to be ~

like ~, similar to ~, seems ~

to try doing ~

to want to ~ (third person)

something has been done (and remains)

to do ~ in advance, to do ~ for later

while ~, during ~

in the case of ~, if/when ~

instead of ~

more than ~, since ~

less than ~, or less

within ~, less than ~

thanks to ~

because of ~ (negative)

for ~, to ~

about ~, concerning ~

by means of ~, depending on ~

even ~, or something

whether ~ or ~

whether or not ~

only ~, nothing but ~

during ~, throughout ~, all over ~

each ~, at a time

typical of ~, like ~

easy to ~

hard to ~, difficult to ~

too much ~, excessively ~

to begin to ~, to start ~ing

to finish ~ing

to continue ~ing, to keep ~ing

to do ~ again, to redo ~

to start ~ing (suddenly)

to start to ~ (and not finish)

to do ~ together, mutually

to show signs of ~ (emotions/sensations)

~ and ~, things like ~ and ~

have no choice but to, cannot help but

must be, no doubt, certainly

cannot possibly, must not, cannot afford to

there is no way, impossible that

must do, have to do, cannot not do

unbearably, extremely, cannot stand

cannot help but feel, extremely

the more... the more...

full of, covered with (negative connotation)

-ish, -like, tends to be

slight tendency, touch of, -ish

suitable for, intended for, facing

through, throughout, via

regarding, concerning, about

towards, against, in contrast to

in, at, on, regarding

over, spanning, throughout

as, in the capacity of

such as, like

although I say, even though I say, that said

just because, even though

far from, let alone, not only... but

if only, as long as

even, not even, as long as

perhaps because, maybe because

although, but, even though

while doing, even while

in the process of, gradually

cannot, find it hard to, be unable to

might, could possibly, liable to

as soon as, depending on

the moment, just as, as soon as

when, at the time of, on the occasion of

after doing, upon, when it comes to

from the standpoint of, in terms of

on the other hand, while, although

on one hand, while, at the same time

instead of, in exchange for, in return for

while, on the occasion of, incidentally

prior to, before, preceding

after, at the end of, as a result of

can/cannot, possible/impossible

as long as, to the extent, unless

only when, particularly, just when

regardless of, irrespective of

without, leaving out

based on, on the basis of

based on, in accordance with

concerning, over, about

with, putting in, filled with

regarding, concerning, about

toward, against, in contrast to

about, concerning

by, depending on, due to

according to

for, to

for, considering

as, in the role of

even if, even as

that is why, no wonder, it means that

it does not mean that, it is not the case that

there is no way that, it is impossible that

cannot, must not

it is natural that, used to, should

because, since (excuse/explanation)

although, but

that is what X is, truly

should, the important thing is to

there is no need to, do not have to

because, from the fact that

it will be that, it turns out that

decide to

it is supposed to, it is the rule that

make it a rule to, make it a point to

about to, just now, in the middle of

just when, at that moment

even if, no matter how much

in the middle of, while

while you are at it, on the way

when, at the time of, on the occasion of

every time, whenever

as, in proportion to, along with

as, in accordance with, following

along with, as, accompanying

on the other hand, while

on the other hand, while

instead of, in exchange for

far from, not only... but

not the time/place for, in no position to

even though, despite, and yet

for, considering, although

even, as long as

as long as, if only

since, now that, as long as

since, now that, as long as

after, upon, for the purpose of

in addition to, moreover, besides

while, during, before

while doing, in the course of

before, while not

not limited to, not only

only when, especially, of all things

only, limited to

as far as, to the extent that

unless, as long as not

according to, depending on, in response to

depending on, as soon as

taking the opportunity of, triggered by

taking the opportunity of, as a turning point

through, throughout, via

over, throughout, spanning

from... to, through

regardless of, irrespective of

regardless of, irrespective of

without caring about, not minding

without, leaving out

without (cannot do)

before, prior to

on the occasion of, when

on the occasion of, when doing

unless, not until after

ever since, from the time that

just as, the moment that

just when I thought, no sooner than

just as, barely, no sooner than

can, possible / cannot, impossible

cannot, hard to, hesitate to

might, could possibly

cannot help but, have no choice but to

cannot help but, cannot resist

cannot help but, cannot resist

unbearably, extremely

cannot help, extremely

cannot help feeling, extremely

look like, -ish, tend to

somewhat, a little, slight tendency

tend to, apt to, prone to

suitable for, intended for

designed for, aimed at

full of, covered with

covered in, smeared with

entirely, all, nothing but

starting with, including

centered on, focusing on

in, at, on, regarding

against, contrary to

compared to

in addition to, besides

along, in accordance with

corresponds to, is equivalent to

should, ought to

definitely not, no way

must be, no doubt that

surely, definitely, it is certain that

merely, only, nothing but

rather than, more like

nothing but, none other than

precisely because, for that very reason

just because, even though

even though I say, although

even so, although, that said

if, assuming that

even if, whether or not

along with, as, in accordance with

as, in proportion to

contrary to, against

towards, against, in contrast to

regarding, concerning, about

in, at, on (formal)

concerning, regarding, over (disputes)

based on, on the basis of

based on, in accordance with

on the other hand, while

on the other hand, while

instead of, in exchange for

every time, whenever

as soon as, upon, depends on

-ish, -like, tend to

typical of, like, I heard that

there is no way to, cannot possibly

cannot help but, cannot stop oneself from

cannot help but, cannot stop oneself from

cannot help but, have no choice but to

there is no way that, it is impossible that

it does not mean that, it is not that

cannot afford to, must not

not necessarily, not always

only after, not until

not only...but also

far from, let alone, not to mention

thanks to, because of (positive)

because of, due to (negative)

in terms of, in doing, from the standpoint of

on top of, in addition to, moreover

from the fact that, because

to my (emotion)

although, but, though

even though, despite, and yet

should (moral), used to, naturally

if it were possible, if only

if only, I wish (regret)

isn't there some way, I wonder if

only by, only when, only through

precisely because, for that very reason

should not, ought not to

in order to, for the purpose of

in accordance with, in line with

whether, be it, even if

regardless of, irrespective of

depends on, according to how

like, as if, such as

if it is the case that, if it comes to

when it comes to, if it comes to the point where

unique to, only, special to

as a, being a (with duty/expectation)

as if to, as though about to

to the extent of, even, going so far as to

if it were...that would be one thing, but

together with, combined with

extremely, utterly, to the extreme

tend to, have a tendency to (negative)

while, as well as, taking the opportunity to

while, besides, in addition to

as soon as, no sooner than

as soon as, the moment

as soon as, no sooner than (repeated action)

because of, due to, for that reason

other than, except for, besides

with, by means of, as of (date)

with, by using, if one uses

if it were...that would be understandable, but

of all people, despite being

in order to, for the sake of

even if, even though

even if not, if not...at least

because, since, being that

extremely, incredibly, beyond description

when it comes to, speaking of

without intending to, unconsciously

entirely, completely, all

without, unless

cannot help but, will definitely