end up ~ing, completely ~, unfortunately ~

Intermediate

10-15 min

very common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Indicates completion of an action, often with regret or that it happened accidentally.

[Verb て-form] + しまう

ケーキを全部食べてしまった。

Keeki wo zenbu tabete shimatta.

I ended up eating all the cake.

電車に乗り遅れてしまいました。

Densha ni noriokurete shimaimashita.

I unfortunately missed the train.

Casual form is ～ちゃう/～じゃう.

～てもいいです

may do ~, it's okay to do ~

～てはいけません

must not do ~, not allowed to do ~

～なければなりません

must do ~, have to do ~

～なくてもいいです

don't have to do ~, don't need to do ~

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 10

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