JLPT N2Grammar
ο½γ«ιγγͺγ
must be ~, no doubt that ~, undoubtedly
Advanced
20-30 min
common
Expert Reviewed
Explanation
Expresses strong conviction or certainty based on evidence.
Formation
[Plain form] + γ«ιγγͺγ
Examples
ε½Όγ―η₯γ£γ¦γγγ«ιγγͺγγ
Kare wa shitte iru ni chigai nai.
He must know about it.
γγγ―ζ¬η©γ«ιγγγγΎγγγ
Kore wa honmono ni chigai arimasen.
This is undoubtedly genuine.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Based on speaker's judgment, not absolute fact.
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