in order to ~, for the purpose of ~ (formal/literary)

Advanced

20-30 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Highly formal expression of purpose. Literary style.

[Verb negative stem ん] + がため(に)

成功せんがために、必死に努力した。

Seikou sen ga tame ni, hisshi ni doryoku shita.

In order to succeed, he made desperate efforts.

Archaic/literary. Rarely used in modern conversation.

～ならいざ知らず

~ might be one thing, but; leaving ~ aside

～てやまない

earnestly wish/hope, never stop ~ing

～をものともせずに

not being daunted by ~, in spite of ~

～ずにはおかない

cannot help but do ~, cannot leave without doing ~

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 10

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