~ and ~, things like ~ and ~

Beginner

15-20 min

very common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Lists examples casually (not exhaustive).

[Noun/Plain form] + とか + [Noun/Plain form] + とか

週末は映画を見るとか、買い物をするとかします。

Shuumatsu wa eiga wo miru toka, kaimono wo suru toka shimasu.

On weekends I do things like watch movies and go shopping.

りんごとかバナナとか好きです。

Ringo toka banana toka suki desu.

I like things like apples and bananas.

More casual than や. Implies there are more examples.

～てもいいです

may do ~, it's okay to do ~

～てはいけません

must not do ~, not allowed to do ~

～なければなりません

must do ~, have to do ~

～なくてもいいです

don't have to do ~, don't need to do ~

Very common in casual conversation.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

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