although ~, despite ~, even though ~

Intermediate

15-20 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Expresses contrast or unexpected result. Shows disappointment or surprise.

[Plain form] + のに

勉強したのに、試験に落ちました。

Benkyou shita noni, shiken ni ochimashita.

Even though I studied, I failed the exam.

雨なのに、出かけました。

Ame na noni, dekakemashita.

Despite the rain, I went out.

のに shows speaker's negative feeling about the result.

～にもかかわらず

despite ~, in spite of ~

～ために (tame ni)

in order to ~, for the purpose of ~

～にもかかわらず

despite ~, in spite of ~

～ようになる

come to ~, become able to ~, reach the point where ~

～ようにする

make an effort to ~, try to ~, make sure to ~

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 10

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