despite ~, in spite of ~

Intermediate

15-20 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Formal expression of contrast. More formal than のに.

[Plain form] + にもかかわらず / [Noun] + にもかかわらず

雨にもかかわらず、試合は続けられた。

Ame ni mo kakawarazu, shiai wa tsudzukerareta.

Despite the rain, the game continued.

反対があったにもかかわらず、計画は実行された。

Hantai ga atta ni mo kakawarazu, keikaku wa jikkou sareta.

Despite opposition, the plan was executed.

Very formal. Use in writing or formal speech.

～のに (noni)

although ~, despite ~, even though ~

～ために (tame ni)

in order to ~, for the purpose of ~

～のに (noni)

although ~, despite ~, even though ~

～ようになる

come to ~, become able to ~, reach the point where ~

～ようにする

make an effort to ~, try to ~, make sure to ~

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 10

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