according to, depending on, in response to

Beginner

15-20 min

very common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Indicates adaptation or response to conditions.

[Noun] + に応じて

経験に応じて、給料が決まる。

Keiken ni oujite, kyuuryou ga kimaru.

Salary is determined according to experience.

状況に応じて、対応を変える。

Joukyou ni oujite, taiou wo kaeru.

I change my approach depending on the situation.

Similar to によって but emphasizes response.

～次第

depending on, as soon as

～に違いない

must be ~, no doubt that ~, undoubtedly

～に関して/関する

regarding ~, concerning ~, about ~

～について/つい

about ~, concerning ~

～に伴って/伴い/伴う

along with ~, as ~ (changes)

Common in business contexts.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

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