based on, in accordance with

Intermediate

20-25 min

very common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Formal expression for basing something on rules, data, or principles.

[Noun] + に基づいて / に基づく + [Noun]

法律に基づいて判断する。

Houritsu ni motozuite handan suru.

Judge based on the law.

事実に基づく報道が必要だ。

Jijitsu ni motozuku houdou ga hitsuyou da.

Reporting based on facts is necessary.

More formal than をもとに.

～をもとに

based on, on the basis of

～一方で / ～一方

on the other hand, while

～に違いない

must be ~, no doubt that ~, undoubtedly

～に関して/関する

regarding ~, concerning ~, about ~

～について/つい

about ~, concerning ~

～に伴って/伴い/伴う

along with ~, as ~ (changes)

Use in formal and legal contexts.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

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