even though, despite, and yet

Beginner

15-20 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Critical tone expressing disapproval or contradiction.

[Verb/い-adj/な-adj/Noun] + くせに

知らないくせに、知ったふりをする。

Shiranai kuse ni, shitta furi wo suru.

Even though he doesn't know, he pretends to know.

子供のくせに、生意気だ。

Kodomo no kuse ni, namaiki da.

Despite being a child, he's cheeky.

Often has negative or critical nuance.

～ものの

although, but, though

～ものだ / ～ものではない

should (moral), used to, naturally

～に違いない

must be ~, no doubt that ~, undoubtedly

～に関して/関する

regarding ~, concerning ~, about ~

～について/つい

about ~, concerning ~

～に伴って/伴い/伴う

along with ~, as ~ (changes)

Be careful of critical tone.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

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