whether, be it, even if

Advanced

25-30 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Indicates that something applies regardless of conditions.

[Noun] + であれ / [Verb] + であれ

誰であれ、ルールは守るべきだ。

Dare de are, ruuru wa mamoru beki da.

Whether it be anyone, rules should be followed.

どこであれ、頑張ってください。

Doko de are, ganbatte kudasai.

Wherever it may be, please do your best.

Often used in paired form (A であれ B であれ).

～いかんによらず / ～いかんにかかわらず

regardless of, irrespective of

～ならいざ知らず

~ might be one thing, but; leaving ~ aside

～てやまない

earnestly wish/hope, never stop ~ing

～をものともせずに

not being daunted by ~, in spite of ~

～んがため(に)

in order to ~, for the purpose of ~ (formal/literary)

Practice with question words (誰、何、どこ).

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

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