instead of, in exchange for, in return for

Intermediate

20-25 min

very common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Indicates substitution or compensation.

[Verb dictionary/た-form/Noun の] + かわりに

電車のかわりにバスで行った。

Densha no kawari ni basu de itta.

I went by bus instead of train.

手伝ってくれたかわりに、夕食をおごった。

Tetsudatte kureta kawari ni, yuushoku wo ogotta.

In return for helping me, I treated them to dinner.

Can mean replacement or compensation.

～ついでに

while, on the occasion of, incidentally

～ために (tame ni)

in order to ~, for the purpose of ~

～のに (noni)

although ~, despite ~, even though ~

～にもかかわらず

despite ~, in spite of ~

～ようになる

come to ~, become able to ~, reach the point where ~

Very useful for everyday situations.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

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