based on, in accordance with

Intermediate

20-25 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Formal way to indicate basis or foundation.

[Noun] + に基づいて/に基づく + [Noun]

法律に基づいて判断する。

Houritsu ni motozuite handan suru.

I will judge in accordance with the law.

事実に基づく報告をお願いします。

Jijitsu ni motozuku houkoku wo onegai shimasu.

Please give a report based on facts.

More formal than をもとに.

～をもとに

based on, on the basis of

～ために (tame ni)

in order to ~, for the purpose of ~

～のに (noni)

although ~, despite ~, even though ~

～にもかかわらず

despite ~, in spite of ~

～ようになる

come to ~, become able to ~, reach the point where ~

Common in legal and official documents.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

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