as, in accordance with, following

Beginner

15-20 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Indicates following or parallel change.

[Verb dictionary form/Noun] + にしたがって

説明にしたがって、組み立ててください。

Setsumei ni shitagatte, kumitate kudasai.

Please assemble it according to the instructions.

高くなるにしたがって、空気が薄くなる。

Takaku naru ni shitagatte, kuuki ga usuku naru.

As it gets higher, the air becomes thinner.

Can mean "following" or "as X changes".

～につれて

as, in proportion to, along with

～ために (tame ni)

in order to ~, for the purpose of ~

～のに (noni)

although ~, despite ~, even though ~

～にもかかわらず

despite ~, in spite of ~

～ようになる

come to ~, become able to ~, reach the point where ~

Two meanings - check context.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

Study with our comprehensive grammar guides and practice materials.