without, leaving out

Beginner

15-20 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Indicates exclusion or omission.

[Noun] + ぬきで/ぬきに/ぬきの

冗談ぬきで、話してください。

Joudan nuki de, hanashite kudasai.

Please talk without joking.

休憩ぬきで、5時間働いた。

Kyuukei nuki de, gojikan hataraita.

I worked 5 hours without a break.

Same as 抜きで in N3.

～ぬきには/ぬきでは

without (cannot do)

～に違いない

must be ~, no doubt that ~, undoubtedly

～に関して/関する

regarding ~, concerning ~, about ~

～について/つい

about ~, concerning ~

～に伴って/伴い/伴う

along with ~, as ~ (changes)

Common in everyday speech.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

Study with our comprehensive grammar guides and practice materials.