without (cannot do)

Beginner

15-20 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Indicates something is impossible without.

[Noun] + ぬきには/ぬきでは + できない/ない

あなたの協力ぬきには、成功できない。

Anata no kyouryoku nuki ni wa, seikou dekinai.

Without your cooperation, we cannot succeed.

彼ぬきでは、この仕事は完成しない。

Kare nuki dewa, kono shigoto wa kansei shinai.

Without him, this job cannot be completed.

Always followed by negative.

～ぬきで/ぬきに

without, leaving out

～に違いない

must be ~, no doubt that ~, undoubtedly

～に関して/関する

regarding ~, concerning ~, about ~

～について/つい

about ~, concerning ~

～に伴って/伴い/伴う

along with ~, as ~ (changes)

Emphasizes necessity.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

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