while, besides, in addition to

Advanced

25-30 min

rare

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Indicates doing something while having another main occupation.

[Noun/Verb] + かたわら

仕事のかたわら、小説を書いている。

Shigoto no katawara, shousetsu wo kaite iru.

Besides my work, I'm writing a novel.

主婦業のかたわら、資格の勉強をしている。

Shufu gyou no katawara, shikaku no benkyou wo shite iru.

While being a housewife, I'm studying for a qualification.

Emphasizes secondary activity alongside main occupation.

～かたがた

while, as well as, taking the opportunity to

～が早いか

as soon as, no sooner than

～ならいざ知らず

~ might be one thing, but; leaving ~ aside

～てやまない

earnestly wish/hope, never stop ~ing

～をものともせずに

not being daunted by ~, in spite of ~

～んがため(に)

in order to ~, for the purpose of ~ (formal/literary)

Used for side activities.

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 2

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