~ and ~, etc.; things like ~

Beginner

10-15 min

common

Expert Reviewed

Explanation

Lists examples of items in a category. Shows that the list is not exhaustive.

[Noun] + や + [Noun] + など

果物や野菜などを買いました。

Kudamono ya yasai nado wo kaimashita.

I bought fruits, vegetables, and such.

本やノートなどが必要です。

Hon ya nooto nado ga hitsuyou desu.

I need books, notebooks, and so on.

Don't list everything - や indicates partial listing.

の (no)

possessive/modifier particle

です/だ

to be (copula)

は (wa)

topic marker

が (ga)

subject marker

を (wo)

direct object marker

JLPTBooks Editorial Team

Japanese Language Education Specialists

Last updated: Jan 10

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